Touchsensors and Fingerprint sensors
A touch sensor is a type of equipment that captures and records physical touch or embrace on a device and/or object. It is a crucial part of devices that we have come to rely on, such as control panels e.g. for white goods or industry, HMI interfaces, bounce-free buttons, and many other interactive devices. Also known as tactile sensors, it’s a small, simple, low-cost sensor made to replace old mechanical switches we seen in the past.
A touch sensor works like a switch, where when there’s contact, touch, or pressure on the surface of a touch sensor, it opens up an electrical circuit and allows currents to flow through it.
Types of touch sensor:
- Capacitive touch sensor
- Resistive touch sensor
- Infrared touch sensor
- Surface acoustic wave (SAW) touch sensor
- Inductive touch sensor
A fingerprint sensor is a sensor for scanning a finger in order to create a digital image of the fingerprint. The most common scanners currently are those with capacitive sensors (mainly in semi-automatic fingerprint scanners) and optical sensors in most commercially available fully automatic scanners.
Capacitive fingerprint detections use a matrix of tiny capacitor circuits to track the details of a fingerprint. These circuits store electrical charge and detect the ridges and valleys of the fingerprint that lie on the sensor's conductive plates. The charge in the capacitors is slightly altered when a finger is positioned over the conductive plates, while an air gap leaves the charge relatively unchanged. An operational amplifier integrated circuit is used to track these changes, which can then be recorded by an analog-to-digital converter. This technology enables very detailed and secure fingerprint capture, as it is much harder to fool than optical scanners.
Optical fingerprint sensors capture a 2D image of a fingerprint using light, offering a cost-effective solution for biometric authentication, but they have limitations in security compared to other technologies. Optical fingerprint sensors operate by illuminating the fingerprint with a light source, typically using LEDs, and capturing the reflected light with a sensor, such as a charge-coupled device (CCD). The variations in light intensity caused by the ridges and valleys of the fingerprint create a digital image that can be analyzed for unique patterns
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